Did Mr. Frank Get Money While In Hiding?

Begetter of Anne Frank (1889–1980)

Otto Frank
Frank in 1961
Built-in	Otto Heinrich Frank (1889-05-12)12 May 1889 Frankfurt am Main, Province of Hesse-Nassau, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire
Died	xix August 1980(1980-08-19) (aged 91) Birsfelden, Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland
Resting place	Birsfelden'due south Cemetery
Nationality	German,(rev) Swiss, Dutch
Occupation	Spice merchant[1]
Known for	Father of Anne Frank; The Diary of a Young Girl
Spouse(s)	Edith Holländer ​ ​ (grand. 1925; died 1945)​ Elfriede Geiringer ​ (m. 1953)​
Children	Margot Frank and Anne Frank
Armed services career
Fidelity	German Empire
Service/branch	Imperial German Army
Years of service	1915–1918
Rank	Lieutenant
Battles/wars	World State of war I

Otto Heinrich Frank (12 May 1889 – nineteen Baronial 1980) was a German man of affairs who subsequently became a resident of the Netherlands and Switzerland. He was the father of Anne and Margot Frank and married man of Edith Frank, and was the sole member of his family to survive the Holocaust. He inherited Anne's manuscripts later her expiry, arranged for the publication of her diary as The Diary of a Young Girl in 1947, and oversaw its accommodation to both theater and moving-picture show.

Early life [edit]

Otto Frank was born into a liberal Jewish family unit.^[2] He was the second of 4 children born to Alice Betty (née Stern, 1865–1953) and Michael Frank (1851–1909).^[3] His elder brother was Robert Frank, and younger siblings were Herbert Frank and Helene (Leni) Frank.^[iv] Otto was a cousin of the furniture designer Jean-Michel Frank and a grandson of Zacharias Frank. His father originally came from the town of Landau, and moved to Frankfurt in 1879, marrying Alice Stern in 1886. Alice and Michael Frank placed value on a eye-grade education. Otto had music lessons, learned to ride a horse and visited the theatre and opera regularly. The Frank family enjoyed a big circle of friends, and kept a welcoming home.^[2] Otto studied economics in Heidelberg from 1908 to 1909 and had a work feel placement at Macy's Section Store in New York City thanks to a college friend his age, Nathan Straus Jr. However, after leaving for New York, he had to return home briefly after his father died in September 1909, before once more leaving for the United States, returning to Federal republic of germany two years later in 1911.^[5]

World State of war I [edit]

Frank served in the Royal High german Army during the First World War. He and his 2 brothers were chosen upwardly for military service in Baronial 1915 and afterwards training at a depot in Mainz, he served in an arms unit on the Western Front end in which near soldiers were mathematicians and surveyors. He was attached to the infantry as a range-finder at the Battle of the Somme in 1916. In 1917, he was promoted in the field to lieutenant and served at the Battle of Cambrai only two of his French cousins, Oscar and Georges, were killed in activeness. Co-ordinate to other sources, Otto was tardily returning home because he was ordered to confiscate ii horses from a farmer and returned them to the farmer when the war ended in defeat.^{[5] [six]}

Marriage and children [edit]

Frank worked in the banking concern that his male parent initially ran, which later he and his brothers took over until its collapse in the early 1930s. He married Edith Holländer – an heiress to a scrap-metal and industrial-supply business organization – on his 36th altogether, 12 May 1925, at the synagogue in Aachen, Edith's dwelling town. Edith was 25 when they married. Their elder daughter, Margot Frank (Margot Betti), was built-in 16 February 1926, followed past their younger daughter, Anne (Annelies Marie), on 12 June 1929.^[vii] Edith died of starvation and illness in Auschwitz on 6 January 1945. In tardily Oct 1944, Margot and Anne were transferred from Auschwitz to the Bergen-Belsen concentration campsite where they died^[viii] of typhus.

In 1953, Frank married Elfriede Geiringer, a Holocaust survivor, who assisted him with the Anne Frank Foundation in Basel,^[9] which he launched a decade later on. Geiringer's daughter, Eva Schloss, is a Holocaust survivor, peace activist and international speaker.^[10]

Earth War 2 [edit]

As the tide of Nazism rose in Germany and anti-Jewish decrees encouraged attacks on Jewish individuals and families, Otto decided to evacuate his family. In Baronial 1933, they relocated to Aachen, where his mother in law resided, in grooming for a subsequent and final move to Amsterdam in the netherlands. In the same twelvemonth, Otto's widowed mother Alice fled to Switzerland.^[11]

Otto's brother-in-law Erich Elias (hubby of his younger sister Leni and father of Buddy Elias) worked in Basel for Opekta, a company that sold spices and pectin for use in the manufacture of jam. Originating in Germany, the company was looking to aggrandize its operations in Europe, and Erich arranged for Otto to work as Opekta's agent in Amsterdam, allowing Otto to have an income to back up his family. Otto and his family lived in Merwedeplein in the modernistic suburb of Amsterdam-Zuid; they came to know many other German language emigrant families. In 1938, Otto Frank started a second visitor, Pectacon, which was a wholesaler of herbs, pickling salts, and mixed spices, used in the product of sausages.^{[12] [xiii]} Hermann van Pels was employed past Pectacon equally an advisor virtually spices. A Jewish butcher, he had fled Osnabrück with his family.^[13] In 1939, Edith Frank's mother came to live with the Franks and remained with them until her decease in January 1942.^[xiv] After Germany invaded the Netherlands in May 1940, Otto Frank was forced past the Germans to surrender his companies. Otto made his businesses wait "Aryan" by transferring control to his employees.^[fifteen]

In 1938 and 1941, Frank attempted to obtain visas for his family to immigrate to the United States or Republic of cuba. He was granted a single visa for himself to Republic of cuba on 1 December 1941, but it is not known if it always reached him. 10 days later, when Nazi Germany and Fascist Italia declared war on the United States, the visa was cancelled.^{[16] [17]}

At the age of 53, when the systematic deportation of Jews from the Netherlands started in the summer of 1942, Otto Frank took his family into hiding on 6 July 1942 in the upper rear rooms of the Opekta premises on the Prinsengracht, behind a concealing bookcase. The day earlier his older daughter, Margot, had received the written summons to report for so-called labour duty in Federal republic of germany, and Otto immediately decided to motion the family to safety. They were joined a week later by Hermann van Pels, who was known as Herman van Daan in Anne'southward diary, his wife, Auguste van Pels and their son, Peter van Pels. In November, the group was joined by Fritz Pfeffer, known in Anne's diary every bit Albert Dussel. Their concealment was aided by Otto Frank's colleagues Johannes Kleiman, whom he had known since 1923, Miep Gies, Victor Kugler, and Bep Voskuijl.^[18]

The group hid for two years, until their discovery in August 1944. It is not known if an informant, or chance discovery by government, concluded their period of refuge.^{[xix] [20]} The grouping, along with Kugler and Kleiman, were arrested by SS Officeholder Karl Silberbauer. Subsequently being imprisoned in Amsterdam, the Jewish prisoners were sent to the Dutch transit military camp of Westerbork and finally to Auschwitz Birkenau, where in September Frank was separated from his wife and daughters. He was sent to the men's barracks and was residing in the ill barracks when the camp was liberated by Soviet troops on 27 January 1945. Later the liberation of Auschwitz, Otto Frank wrote to his female parent in Switzerland, where she had fled in 1933 when Hitler came to power.^{[3] [21]} He traveled back to kingdom of the netherlands over the next six months and searched diligently for his family and friends. By the end of 1945, he realized he was the sole survivor of those who had hidden in the house on the Prinsengracht.^[22]

Letter from the Monowai steamship [edit]

The closer we get to home the greater our impatience to hear from our loved ones. Everything that's happened the past few years! Until our arrest I don't know exactly what caused it, fifty-fifty at present, at to the lowest degree nosotros still had contact with each other. I don't know what'southward happened since then. Kugler and Kleiman and especially Miep and her married man and Bep Voskuil provided us with everything for 2 whole years, with incomparable devotion and sacrifice and despite all danger. I can't even begin to describe it. How will I always begin to repay everything they did. But what has happened since and so? To them, to you to Robert [Otto's brother]. Are you in impact with Julius and Walter? [Edith Frank'southward brothers] All our possessions are gone. There won't be a pin left, the Germans stole everything. Not a photo, alphabetic character or document remains. Financially nosotros were fine in the by few years, I earned good money and saved it. At present it'due south all gone. But I don't call back almost any of that. We have lived through too much to worry almost that kind of matter. Simply the children matter, the children. I promise to get news from yous immediately. Maybe you've already heard news about the girls.^[23]

—Letter sent by Otto Frank on lath the Monowai steamship xv May 1945 on his way back to Amsterdam

Post-state of war life [edit]

After Anne Frank's death was confirmed in the summer of 1945, her diary and papers were given to Otto Frank by Miep Gies, who rescued them from the ransacked hiding identify. As Miep Gies wrote in her book, "Anne Frank Remembered," Mr. Frank immediately started to read the papers. Afterwards he began transcribing them for his relatives in Switzerland. He was persuaded that Anne'south writing shed light on the experiences of those who suffered persecution under the Nazis and was urged to consider publishing it. He typed out the diary into a single manuscript, editing out sections he thought too personal to his family or also mundane to be of interest to the general reader. The manuscript was read by Dutch historian Jan Romein, who reviewed it on 3 April 1946 for the Het Parool newspaper. This attracted the interest of Amsterdam's Contact Publishing, which accepted it for publication in the summer of 1946. Otto Frank is now recognized equally a co-author of the diary.^[24]

On 25 June 1947, the offset Dutch edition of the diary was issued nether the title Het Achterhuis ("The Secret Annex"). Its success led to an English translation in 1952, which led to a theatrical dramatisation and eventually the moving-picture show The Diary of Anne Frank (1959), with player Joseph Schildkraut as Otto.^[25]

Otto Frank Inaugurated the Statue of Anne Frank, Amsterdam 1977.

Otto Frank married former Amsterdam neighbor and fellow Auschwitz survivor^[26] Elfriede Geiringer (1905–1998) in Amsterdam on 10 November 1953, and the couple moved to Basel, Switzerland, where he had family, including relatives' children, with whom he shared his experiences. In 1963, he founded in Basel the Anne Frank Foundation (non to exist confused with the Anne Frank Foundation in Amsterdam, see below), which is devoted to global distribution and apply of the Diary of Anne Frank. The non profit organisation uses the proceeds of the copyrights for charitable purposes, pedagogy, and scientific research. In add-on the Foundation in Basel supports projects in the field of human rights, racism and rights and promoting social justice.^[27]

In response to a sabotage lodge placed on the building in which Otto Frank and his family unit hid during the war, he and Johannes Kleiman helped establish the Anne Frank Foundation in Amsterdam on iii May 1957, with the main aim to save and restore the building so it could be opened to the general public. With the assist of public donations, the edifice and the adjacent one were purchased past the Amsterdam-based foundation. Information technology opened as a museum (the Anne Frank Business firm) on iii May 1960 and is even so in operation.^[28]

The balance of his life Otto Frank dedicated himself to the publication of the diary and the ethics his daughter had expressed in it.^[29] Otto Frank died of lung cancer on nineteen August 1980 in Birsfelden and his ashes were buried in the town's cemetery, where Elfriede would also be buried, in the same tomb, 18 years later.^[thirty] He was survived by his stepdaughter Eva Schloss,^[31] his sis Helene Frank and her two children.^[32]

Otto Frank designated the Anne Frank Foundation in Basel as his sole heir and legal successor, which means that the copyrights of all Anne Frank'southward writings belong to this organisation.^[33]

Legal fights against Nazi sympathizers [edit]

In the years afterward the diaries were published, Otto Frank became embroiled in a serial of legal battles with individuals who accused him or others of forging the manuscript; these cases would persist even later on Frank's death in 1980. In 1959, Frank "lodged a criminal complaint on the grounds of libel, slander, defamation, maligning the retention of a deceased person and antisemitic utterances"^[34] against two members of the right-wing Deutsche Reichspartei, Lothar Stielau and Heinrich Buddeberg, who had dismissed the diary equally a work of fiction.

In 1976, Nazi sympathizer Ernst Römer accused Frank of editing and fabricating parts of Anne's diary. Frank filed a lawsuit against him. As with the previous case, the court determined that the diary was authentic. Römer ordered a second investigation, just this fourth dimension involving Hamburg's Bundeskriminalamt (BKA). It was claimed that parts of her diary were written with ballpoint pen ink, which did non exist prior to 1951. All the same, these parts were simply ii scraps of newspaper non attached to the manuscript, and clearly written in different handwriting, and some folio numbers, presumed to have been added by Otto Frank when compiling the diary for publication.^[35] Reporters were unable to question Frank, every bit he died around the time of the discovery.^[36]

References [edit]

1. ^ Carol Ann Lee, The Subconscious Life of Otto Frank (Harper Collins, 2003)
2. ^ ^{a b} Anne Frank Fonds/Otto Frank
3. ^ ^{a b} "Photo Gallery: Treasures of the Anne Frank Family unit". Der Spiegel. Hamburg, Deutschland.
4. ^ "Photo Gallery: Treasures of the Anne Frank Family". Der Spiegel. Hamburg, Germany.
5. ^ ^{a b} Otto Frank at Anne Frank Guide. Retrieved 29 May 2014
6. ^ Lee, Carol Ann (2000). The Biography of Anne Frank – Roses from the Earth. London: Viking Press. ISBN978-0-7089-9174-9.
7. ^ Ballad Ann Lee, The Hidden Life of Otto Frank (Harper Collins, 2003), pp. eight–9
8. ^ "Anne Frank". Anne Frank House. 25 September 2018. Retrieved 29 July 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
9. ^ "History of the foundation". Anne Frank Fonds . Retrieved 25 August 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
10. ^ "A Historic Evening With Anne Frank's Stepsister Eva Schloss". Northrop. 27 Oct 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-condition (link)
11. ^ Verhoeven, Rian (1993). Anne Frank beyond the Diary. New York: Puffin/Penguin. p. 19. ISBN9780590474474.
12. ^ Müller 1999, p. 92. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMüller1999 (aid)
13. ^ ^{a b} Lee 2000, p. 40.
14. ^ Müller 1999, pp. 128–130. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMüller1999 (aid)
15. ^ "Otto Frank". Anne Frank Business firm. 29 July 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021. {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
16. ^ "Anne Frank family unit letters released". CNN.com. fourteen February 2007. Archived from the original on 16 Feb 2007. Retrieved 14 February 2007.
17. ^ Patricia Cohen (15 Feb 2007). "In Old Files, Fading Hopes of Anne Frank's Family". The New York Times . Retrieved 15 Feb 2007. In order to reach a neutral country, Frank and so tried to obtain a Cuban visa, a risky, expensive and often corrupt process. In a Sep. viii letter to Straus, he wrote, "I know that it will be impossible for usa all to leave fifty-fifty if most of the money is refundable, just Edith urges me to leave alone or with the children." On Oct. 12, 1941, he wrote, "It is all much more difficult as one can imagine and is getting more complicated every day." Because of the dubiousness, he decided first to try for a single visa for himself. It is granted and forwarded to Otto Frank on Dec. i. No one knows if it always arrived; x days later, Federal republic of germany and Italy alleged war on the Us, and Havana cancelled the visa.
18. ^ "The people living in the Secret Annex". Anne Frank House. 25 September 2018. Retrieved 29 July 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-condition (link)
19. ^ Patricia Cohen (17 December 2016). "Anne Frank's arrest might non have stemmed from betrayal". CNN.com. Retrieved 17 December 2016. Maybe the Sicherheitsdienst or SD (German Security Service) didn't come up to hunt for Jews that day, but inadvertently found the two families in hiding while investigating another matter.
20. ^ "New Written report Casts Doubt on Theory Anne Frank Was Betrayed". NBC News. Associated Press. 17 December 2016. Retrieved 18 Dec 2016.
21. ^ "Photograph Gallery: Treasures of the Anne Frank Family". Der Spiegel. Hamburg, Germany.
22. ^ Von Benda-Beckmann, Bas (2020). Na het Achterhuis. Anne Frank en de andere onderduikers in de kampen. Amsterdam: Querido. p. 310. ISBN9789021423937.
23. ^ Treasures From The Attic Page 202
24. ^ Carvajal, Doreen (13 Nov 2015). "Anne Frank'southward Diary Gains 'Co-Author' in Copyright Movement". The New York Times.
25. ^ "How did Anne's diary become so famous?". Anne Frank House. 15 Oct 2018. Retrieved 29 July 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-condition (link)
26. ^ Goldsmith, Belinda (eight April 2013). "Anne Frank's step-sis highlights mail-Holocaust traumas". Reuters . Retrieved 13 April 2013.
27. ^ "Anne Frank Fonds/work". Anne Frank Fonds . Retrieved 29 July 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
28. ^ "Anne Frank Firm celebrates 60th anniversary". Anne Frank Business firm. 30 April 2020. Retrieved 29 July 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
29. ^ "Otto Frank". Anne Frank Fonds . Retrieved 11 August 2021. {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
30. ^ "Otto Frank, Father of Anne, Dead at 91. Daughter'southward Famed Diary Described Life in Hiding From the Nazis. Family Died in Camps". The New York Times. United Press International. 21 Baronial 1980. Retrieved 4 November 2010. Otto Frank, whose teen-age daughter Anne described 2 years of hiding from the Nazis in a diary that became earth-renowned, died in a hospital hither last night. He was 91 years old.
31. ^ Duerden, Nick (half-dozen April 2013). "I've been haunted past Anne Frank'due south memory for and then long". The Guardian . Retrieved 6 April 2013.
32. ^ Butnick, Stephanie (23 March 2015). "Anne Frank'southward Last Living Relative Dies at 89". Tabletmag . Retrieved 23 March 2015.
33. ^ "History of the foundation". Anne Frank Fonds . Retrieved 26 August 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-condition (link)
34. ^ "The authenticity of the diary of Anne Frank". Anne Frank House. Retrieved xiv January 2022.
35. ^ "Anne Frank House Ballpoint Pen". Anne Frank House. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
36. ^ "Blaue paste" [Blue paste]. Der Spiegel. five October 1980. Retrieved ix July 2021.

Books [edit]

• The Diary of a Immature Girl, Anne Frank ISBN 0-553-29698-1
• Anne Frank Remembered, Miep Gies and Alison Leslie Gilt ISBN 0-671-66234-1
• Anne Frank: The Untold Story. The hidden truth well-nigh Elli Vossen, the youngest helper of the Secret Annex, Jeroen De Bruyn and Joop van Wijk ISBN 9789082901306
• The Hidden Life of Otto Frank, Ballad Ann Lee ISBN 0-670-91331-vi
• Roses from the World: the biography of Anne Frank, Carol Ann Lee ISBN 0-670-88140-vi
• Dear, Otto, Cara Wilson ISBN 0-8362-7032-0
• Eva's Story, Eva Schloss ISBN 0-9523716-9-3
• Mirjam Pressler, Treasures From The Cranium ISBN 1407231103

Films [edit]

Otto Frank was played past British actor, Ben Kingsley in the 2001 miniseries Anne Frank: The Whole Story.

Otto was portrayed past Italian role player, Emilio Solfrizzi in the TV pic Memories of Anne Frank.

External links [edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Otto Frank.

• Contour of Otto Frank'southward early life, written by the Anne Frank Firm
• BBC video interview with Otto Frank in 1976 (requires RealPlayer)
• Brusk article almost Otto Frank's terminal years, with a photograph taken in 1979
• Feature documentary near Otto's recently discovered letters, which reveal the plight of his family to find refuge from the Nazis in the US and elsewhere
• BBC video interview with Otto Frank in 1976 (requires RealPlayer)
• Otto Frank and Miep Gies in a video from the opening year of the Anne Frank Business firm in 1960 (English subtitles)
• Oral testimony of Otto Frank, U.s. Holocaust Museum
• Website Anne Frank Foundation Basel

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Frank

Posted by: lacombeyoublearded.blogspot.com

Share this post